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What Are GLP-1 Receptor Agonists?

GLP-1 receptor agonists are a type of medication used to help manage type 2 diabetes and, in some cases, obesity. These medications mimic the action of a natural hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which helps regulate blood sugar levels and appetite.

Common GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

• Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus)
• Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda)
• Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) – also acts on GIP receptors

How Do GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Work?

• Increase insulin release when blood sugar is high
• Decrease the amount of sugar released by the liver
• Slow down stomach emptying, leading to increased feelings of fullness
• Reduce appetite, which can help with weight loss

Benefits

• Improved blood sugar control
• Weight loss or prevention of weight gain
• Reduced risk of cardiovascular events in some patients with heart disease

How to Take GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

• Most are given as injections under the skin
• Some are available as oral tablets
• Follow the prescribed schedule and instructions from your healthcare provider

Possible Side Effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Stomach pain
• Loss of appetite
• Rare: Pancreatitis (severe abdominal pain), allergic reactions

Most side effects are mild and improve over time. Contact your healthcare provider if you experience severe or persistent symptoms.

Who Should Not Use GLP-1 Receptor Agonists?

• Individuals with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2
• Those with a history of severe allergic reactions to these medications

Precautions

• Inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you are taking
• Discuss any history of pancreatitis, kidney problems, or digestive disorders
• Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding unless advised by your doctor

Tips for Success

• Take medication as prescribed
• Monitor blood sugar levels as directed
• Maintain a healthy diet and regular physical activity
• Report any unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider

When to Seek Medical Attention

• Signs of an allergic reaction: rash, swelling, difficulty breathing
• Severe abdominal pain that does not go away
• Symptoms of low blood sugar: shakiness, sweating, confusion, dizziness